Main Article Content
Abstract
Rapid digital transformation has reshaped educational practices worldwide, creating new challenges for character education in Islamic schools. Although previous studies have explored digital learning, curriculum reform, and character education separately, limited attention has been given to how curriculum integration can reconstruct holistic character education in digitally mediated learning environments. This study examines how Islamic schools integrate the Independent Curriculum and the Love Curriculum to strengthen holistic character education. Employing a qualitative case study design, data were collected through semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and curriculum document analysis, which were then analyzed thematically. The findings reveal that digital transformation not only reshapes teacher–student relationships but also complicates the cultivation of moral values within increasingly technology-mediated learning environments. In response to these developments, Islamic schools integrate the pedagogical flexibility of the Independent Curriculum with the value-oriented principles of the Love Curriculum through coordinated curriculum design, teacher collaboration, school culture, and community engagement. As a result, this integration produces a holistic model of character education that combines academic learning, Islamic values, compassion, ethical digital citizenship, and the cultivation of adab. Overall, the study contributes to Islamic education scholarship by extending Biesta’s theory of educational purpose into Islamic contexts, broadening Beane’s curriculum integration theory through the inclusion of academic learning, Islamic values, and school culture, and operationalizing Al-Attas’ philosophy of ta’dīb as a practical framework for holistic Islamic character education in the digital era.
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References
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- Al-Attas, S. M. N. (1991). The concept of education in Islam (Rev. ed.). Kuala Lumpur: International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC).
- Amiq, B., Muhith, A., Masud, M., & Zainudin, A. (2025). Integration of Islamic Character Education In Merdeka Belajar Curriculum. Islamic Management: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 8(01), 65–78. https://doi.org/10.30868/im.v8i01.7787
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- Armila, P., Sivenius, A., Stanković, B., & Juutilainen, L. (2024). Digitalization of Education: Commodification Hidden in Terms of Empowerment? Postdigital Science and Education, 6(2), 556–571. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42438-022-00347-8
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- Asrifan, A., Ibna Seraj, P. M., Sadapotto, A., Nurhumairah, & Vargheese, K. J. (2023). The Implementation of Kurikulum Merdeka as The Newest Curriculum Applied at Sekolah Penggerak in Indonesia. IJOLEH : International Journal of Education and Humanities, 2(1), 62–74. https://doi.org/10.56314/ijoleh.v2i1.130.
- Bartulis, A. (2024). Digitalization in education and e-learning. Social Science Research Network: Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4723279.
- Beane, J. A. (1997). Curriculum integration: Designing the core of democratic education. New York: Teachers College Press.
- Bierman, K. L., Coie, J. D., Dodge, K. A., Greenberg, M. T., Lochman, J. E., McMahon, R. J., & Pinderhughes, E. (2010). The effects of a multiyear universal social–emotional learning program: The role of student and school characteristics. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78(2), 156156–156168. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018607.
- Biesta, G. J. J. (2020). Risking ourselves in education: Qualification, socialization, and subjectification revisited. Educational Theory, 70(1), 89–104. https://doi.org/10.1111/edth.12411
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- Laili, M. I. (2024). Implementasi Kurikulum Cinta dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah. Al Yasini : Jurnal Keislaman, Sosial. Hukum Dan Pendidikan, 9(2), 327. https://doi.org/10.55102/alyasini.v9i2.6835
- Minarti, S., Wardi, M., Efendi, M. Y., Wahdani, F. R. R., & Mohd Raus, N. (2025). Integration of Religious Moderation Values Through the Rahmatan Lil Alamin Student Profile Project. Tafkir: Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Education, 6(2), 436–453. https://doi.org/10.31538/tijie.v6i2.1249
- Mulang, H., & Putra, A. H. P. K. (2023). Exploring the Implementation of Ethical and Spiritual Values in High School Education. Golden Ratio of Social Science and Education, 3(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.52970/grsse.v3i1.105
- Muthoharoh, M. (2023). Kurikulum Merdeka: Konsep dan Implementasinya. TABYIN: JURNAL PENDIDIKAN ISLAM, 5(1), 125–132. https://doi.org/10.52166/tabyin.v5i1.310.
- Naswa, N. H., & Muthoifin. (2025). Islamic Education Strategies in Strengthening Character Education to Overcome Moral Challenges in the Digital Era. Solo Universal Journal of Islamic Education and Multiculturalism, 3(01), 93–104. https://doi.org/10.61455/sujiem.v3i01.263
- Ndari, W., Suyatno, S., & Mahmudah, F. N. (2023). Implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum and Its Challenges. European Journal of Education and Pedagogy, 4(3), 111–116. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejedu.2023.4.3.648.
- Ningsih, I. W. (2024). The Implementation of Character Education Values In Indonesia In Realizing The Ideal Human Being (Insan Kamil. Qiro’ah : Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, 14(2), 168–178. Retrieved from https://ejurnal.iiq.ac.id/index.php/qiroah/article/view/2378
- Peterson, A. (2020). Character education, the individual and the political. Journal of Moral Education, 49(2), 143–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057240.2019.1653270.
- Rachmadtullah, R., Pramujiono, A., Rasmitadila, R., & Syamsi, A. (2024). Teacher Perceptions in Implementing Religious Character Education in Elementary Schools. KnE Social Sciences, 9(6), 139–147. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v9i6.15261
- Ramadhan, H., Hafidz, H., Uswatun Khalisah, U. I., Ulya, L. N., Julianda, J., Wardah, Z., & Ardiyanto, M. (2025). Typical Characteristics of Islamic Religious Education and Its Role in Fostering Islamic Character. Bulletin of Islamic Research, 3(1). Retrieved from https://birjournal.com/index.php/bir/article/view/171/65.
- Rintoni, R., Hakam, K. A., Yudianto, S. A., & Warlim, W. (2025). Strengthening Environmentally Caring Character Through Learning At School. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendas, 11(1), 10–17. https://doi.org/10.31949/jcp.v11i1.11595
- Sappaile, B. I., Wiliyanti, V., Mustajab, W., Prayitno, H., & Panglipur, I. R. (2024). Building the Future of Education with Curriculum Innovation Freedom to Learn in the Era of Society 5.0. International Journal of Educational Research Excellence (IJERE, 3(1), 359–366. https://doi.org/10.55299/ijere.v3i1.902.
- Yuliani, A., Maftuh, B., Sapriya, S., A., & Hayati, R. (2024). The Implementation Challenges of Character Education In Primary Schools. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendas, 10(2), 238–254. https://doi.org/10.31949/jcp.v10i2.8032
- Zendrato, J., & Agatha, D. C. (2023). An Analysis of Merdeka Curriculum Implementation in Indonesia: A Case Study of Facilitating Students’ Transformation”. Jurnal Shanan, 7(2), 227–242. Retrieved from http://ejournal.uki.ac.id/index.php/shan/article/view/5188
References
Adiyono, A., Ni’am, S., & Anshor, A. M. (2024). Islamic Character Education in the Era of Industry 5.0: Navigating Challenges and Embracing Opportunities. Al-Hayat: Journal of Islamic Education, [S.L, 8(1), 287–304,. https://doi.org/10.35723/ajie.v8i1.493.
Al-Attas, S. M. N. (1980). The concept of education in Islam: A framework for an Islamic philosophy of education. Makassar: ABIM.
Al-Attas, S. M. N. (1991). The concept of education in Islam (Rev. ed.). Kuala Lumpur: International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC).
Amiq, B., Muhith, A., Masud, M., & Zainudin, A. (2025). Integration of Islamic Character Education In Merdeka Belajar Curriculum. Islamic Management: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 8(01), 65–78. https://doi.org/10.30868/im.v8i01.7787
Ananda Rizki, R., & Fahkrunisa, L. (2022). Evaluation of Implementation of Independent Curriculum (Kurikulum Merdeka. Journal of Curriculum and Pedagogic Studies (JCPS, 1(1), 32–41. https://doi.org/10.30631/jcps.v1i1.1383.
Armila, P., Sivenius, A., Stanković, B., & Juutilainen, L. (2024). Digitalization of Education: Commodification Hidden in Terms of Empowerment? Postdigital Science and Education, 6(2), 556–571. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42438-022-00347-8
Arnensi, A., & Elhefni. (2023). The Transformation of Multimedia-Based Character Education Learning In the Era of Society 5.0: A Case Study of Madrasah Aliyah Pondok Pesantren Ar Rahman Palembang. CONCIENCIA: Journal of Islamic Education, 23(2), 157–172. http://jurnal.radenfatah.ac.id/index.php/conciencia.
Asrifan, A., Ibna Seraj, P. M., Sadapotto, A., Nurhumairah, & Vargheese, K. J. (2023). The Implementation of Kurikulum Merdeka as The Newest Curriculum Applied at Sekolah Penggerak in Indonesia. IJOLEH : International Journal of Education and Humanities, 2(1), 62–74. https://doi.org/10.56314/ijoleh.v2i1.130.
Bartulis, A. (2024). Digitalization in education and e-learning. Social Science Research Network: Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4723279.
Beane, J. A. (1997). Curriculum integration: Designing the core of democratic education. New York: Teachers College Press.
Bierman, K. L., Coie, J. D., Dodge, K. A., Greenberg, M. T., Lochman, J. E., McMahon, R. J., & Pinderhughes, E. (2010). The effects of a multiyear universal social–emotional learning program: The role of student and school characteristics. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78(2), 156156–156168. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018607.
Biesta, G. J. J. (2020). Risking ourselves in education: Qualification, socialization, and subjectification revisited. Educational Theory, 70(1), 89–104. https://doi.org/10.1111/edth.12411
Coelho, V. A., Marchante, M., & Sousa, V. (2015). Positive Attitude”: A multilevel model analysis of the effectiveness of a Social and Emotional Learning Program for Portuguese middle school students. Journal of Adolescence, 43, 29–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.05.009.
Crossan, C., Crossan, M., & Ellis, C. (2023). Character and Improvisation (1st ed.). Thousand Oaks: Routledge.
Fathoni, A. B. M., Sulaeman, M., Azizah, E. A. N., Styawati, Y., & Ramadhan, M. U. C. (2024). The New Direction of Indonesian Character Education: Bullying, Moral Decadence, and Juvenile Delinquency. Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, 21(1), 22–39. https://doi.org/10.14421/jpai.v21i1.7759.
Hamamra, B., & Qabaha, A. (2023). Boredom and alienation during online education in Palestinian universities: a socio-philosophical perspective. Interactive Learning Environments, 32(9), 5445–5458. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2023.2215289
Holvikivi, J. (2024). A Risk Evaluation Framework for Digitalization of Education with an Emphasis on Africa. Journal of Information Processing, 32, 77–83. https://doi.org/10.2197/ipsjjip.32.77.
Huang, Y., & Pan, F. (2024). Digitalization and digital competence in educational contexts—a Nordic perspective from policy to practice. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2024.2342601.
Ivanenko, N., Rud, A., Hurbanska, A., Cheban, Y., & Syrtseva, S. (2024). Digitalization of Education of the Future—A Trend or a Requirement of the Time?. Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice, 24(2). https://doi.org/10.33423/jhetp.v24i2.6791
Laili, M. I. (2024). Implementasi Kurikulum Cinta dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah. Al Yasini : Jurnal Keislaman, Sosial. Hukum Dan Pendidikan, 9(2), 327. https://doi.org/10.55102/alyasini.v9i2.6835
Minarti, S., Wardi, M., Efendi, M. Y., Wahdani, F. R. R., & Mohd Raus, N. (2025). Integration of Religious Moderation Values Through the Rahmatan Lil Alamin Student Profile Project. Tafkir: Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Education, 6(2), 436–453. https://doi.org/10.31538/tijie.v6i2.1249
Mulang, H., & Putra, A. H. P. K. (2023). Exploring the Implementation of Ethical and Spiritual Values in High School Education. Golden Ratio of Social Science and Education, 3(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.52970/grsse.v3i1.105
Muthoharoh, M. (2023). Kurikulum Merdeka: Konsep dan Implementasinya. TABYIN: JURNAL PENDIDIKAN ISLAM, 5(1), 125–132. https://doi.org/10.52166/tabyin.v5i1.310.
Naswa, N. H., & Muthoifin. (2025). Islamic Education Strategies in Strengthening Character Education to Overcome Moral Challenges in the Digital Era. Solo Universal Journal of Islamic Education and Multiculturalism, 3(01), 93–104. https://doi.org/10.61455/sujiem.v3i01.263
Ndari, W., Suyatno, S., & Mahmudah, F. N. (2023). Implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum and Its Challenges. European Journal of Education and Pedagogy, 4(3), 111–116. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejedu.2023.4.3.648.
Ningsih, I. W. (2024). The Implementation of Character Education Values In Indonesia In Realizing The Ideal Human Being (Insan Kamil. Qiro’ah : Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, 14(2), 168–178. Retrieved from https://ejurnal.iiq.ac.id/index.php/qiroah/article/view/2378
Peterson, A. (2020). Character education, the individual and the political. Journal of Moral Education, 49(2), 143–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057240.2019.1653270.
Rachmadtullah, R., Pramujiono, A., Rasmitadila, R., & Syamsi, A. (2024). Teacher Perceptions in Implementing Religious Character Education in Elementary Schools. KnE Social Sciences, 9(6), 139–147. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v9i6.15261
Ramadhan, H., Hafidz, H., Uswatun Khalisah, U. I., Ulya, L. N., Julianda, J., Wardah, Z., & Ardiyanto, M. (2025). Typical Characteristics of Islamic Religious Education and Its Role in Fostering Islamic Character. Bulletin of Islamic Research, 3(1). Retrieved from https://birjournal.com/index.php/bir/article/view/171/65.
Rintoni, R., Hakam, K. A., Yudianto, S. A., & Warlim, W. (2025). Strengthening Environmentally Caring Character Through Learning At School. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendas, 11(1), 10–17. https://doi.org/10.31949/jcp.v11i1.11595
Sappaile, B. I., Wiliyanti, V., Mustajab, W., Prayitno, H., & Panglipur, I. R. (2024). Building the Future of Education with Curriculum Innovation Freedom to Learn in the Era of Society 5.0. International Journal of Educational Research Excellence (IJERE, 3(1), 359–366. https://doi.org/10.55299/ijere.v3i1.902.
Yuliani, A., Maftuh, B., Sapriya, S., A., & Hayati, R. (2024). The Implementation Challenges of Character Education In Primary Schools. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendas, 10(2), 238–254. https://doi.org/10.31949/jcp.v10i2.8032
Zendrato, J., & Agatha, D. C. (2023). An Analysis of Merdeka Curriculum Implementation in Indonesia: A Case Study of Facilitating Students’ Transformation”. Jurnal Shanan, 7(2), 227–242. Retrieved from http://ejournal.uki.ac.id/index.php/shan/article/view/5188