Main Article Content
Abstract
Family education plays a central role in fostering children’s Islamic values. However, Islamic education research has paid limited attention to developing theoretically grounded measurement instruments for assessing these values from parents’ perspectives. This study aimed to develop and conduct a preliminary psychometric evaluation of a parent-reported instrument for assessing children’s Islamic value development within family education associated with Islamic schools. Grounded in an integrated framework combining Islamic Educational Philosophy, Ecological Systems Theory, Islamic Character Education, and Educational Measurement Theory, the instrument conceptualizes children’s Islamic values as a multidimensional construct encompassing emotional, social, economic, and religious dimensions. A quantitative survey design was employed involving 258 parents of children aged 2–12 years enrolled at Al Faruq Islamic School, Indonesia. Preliminary psychometric evaluation included corrected item–total correlation analysis and assessment of internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha. Moreover, the findings indicated that 25 questionnaire items demonstrated satisfactory item discrimination, while the overall instrument exhibited good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = .835). Descriptive findings further illustrated the instrument’s practical application, showing that parents strongly associated children’s Islamic value development with emotional cohesion and spiritual responsibility within family education. Moreover, this study contributes to Islamic education by providing a theoretically grounded framework, as well as a preliminarily evaluated parent-reported instrument for assessing children’s Islamic value development. To ensure the robustness of these findings, future studies should extend the instrument through broader validation involving more diverse populations and comprehensive psychometric analyses.
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References
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- Anderson-Butcher, D., Bates, S., Amorose, A., Wade-Mdivianian, R., & Lower-Hoppe, L. (2021). Social-emotional learning interventions in youth sport: What matters in design?. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 38(4), 367-379. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-021-00773-w
- Baumrind, D. (1966). Effects of authoritative parental control on child behavior. Child development, 887-907. https://doi.org/10.2307/1126611
- Belsky, J., & Jaffee, S. R. (2015). The multiple determinants of parenting. Developmental psychopathology: Volume three: Risk, disorder, and adaptation, 38-85. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470939406.ch2
- Bornstein, M. H., & Bradley, R. H. (2014). Socioeconomic status, parenting, and child development. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410607027
- Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
- Castro, M., Expósito-Casas, E., López-Martín, E., Lizasoain, L., Navarro-Asencio, E., & Gaviria, J. L. (2015). Parental involvement on student academic achievement: A meta-analysis. Educational Research Review, 14, 33–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2015.01.002
- Díaz, I. C. (2026). Character education with vulnerable children and adolescents in non-formal contexts: A systematic review. International Journal of Educational Research, 139, Article 103052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2026.103052
- Halstead, J. M. (2004). An Islamic concept of education. Comparative Education, 40(4), 517–529. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305006042000284510
- Hughes, C., & Devine, R. T. (2019). For better or for worse? Positive and negative parental influences on young children’s executive function. Child development, 90(2), 593-609. https://doi.org/10.1111/Cdev.12915
- Isaqzai, S., Akesson, B., & Frensch, K. M. (2026). To be who I want to be: Understanding refugee families’ perspective of education through the human capability lens. International Journal of Educational Development, 122, 103554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2026.103554
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- Keller, H. (2013). Attachment and culture. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 44(2), 175–194. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022112472253
- Kruythoff‐Broekman, A., Wiefferink, C., Rieffe, C., & Uilenburg, N. (2019). Parent‐implemented early language intervention programme for late talkers: parental communicative behaviour change and child language outcomes at 3 and 4 years of age. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 54(3), 451-464. https://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12451
- Lickona, T. (1991). Educating for character: How our schools can teach respect and responsibility. New York: Bantam Books.
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- Messick, S. (1995). Validity of psychological assessment: Validation of inferences from persons’ responses and performances as scientific inquiry into score meaning. American Psychologist, 50(9), 741–749. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.50.9.741
- OK, A. H., Oviyanti, F., Niswah, C., Arsyad, J., & Nuraeni, H. A. (2026). A narrative case study: Parental views on the enactment of character education in Islamic boarding schools. Journal of Moral Education, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057240.2026.2660726
- Palviainen, Å., & Bergroth, M. (2018). Parental discourses of language ideology and linguistic identity in multilingual Finland. International journal of multilingualism, 15(3), 262-275. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2018.1477108
- Putra, P., Ilias, M. F., Hartono, R., Burhanuddin, B., Saputra, N., & Barsihanor, B. (2025). Digital Literacy as a Transformative Framework for Character Education: A Case Study in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Nazhruna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 9(1), 33–51. https://doi.org/10.31538/nzh.v9i1.429
- Saada, N. (2023). Educating for global citizenship in religious education: Islamic perspective. International Journal of Educational Development, 103, Article 102894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2023.102894
- Super, C. M., & Harkness, S. (2015). Culture and parenting. In W. F. Overton & P. C. M. Molenaar (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology and developmental science (7th ed., Vol. 4, pp. 719–792). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118963418.childpsy408
- Tlacuilo-Parra, A., Vizcarra-Gutiérrez, M. R., Morgan-Domínguez, Z., Hernández-Cervantes, A. R., Ortega-Cortés, R., & Guevara-Gutiérrez, E. (2021). Parental satisfaction with health care during child hospitalization at a social security facility in Mexico. Boletín médico del Hospital Infantil de México, 78(6), 549-556. https://doi.org/10.24875/bmhim.21000051
- Ulfat, F., & Suleiman, F. (2026). The absent canon: Islamic philosophy as a missing dimension in religious and ethics education – a perspective from the German school context. British Journal of Religious Education, 48(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1080/01416200.2025.2610257
- Utama, F., & Dea, L. F. (2023). Alternative Early Childhood Moral Development: Parenting through the Local Wisdom of Lampung People. Journal of Childhood Development, 3(2), 180-187. https://doi.org/10.25217/Jcd.V3i2.3302
- Wang, W., Song, P., Yuan, Y., & Zhang, W. (2026). Family support for a child with ASD during the kindergarten-to-primary school transition: A case intervention study. Brain Science and Child Development, 1(1), 100009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bscd.2026.100009
- Weiss, C., Chik, A., Djonov, E., & Melo-Pfeifer, S. (2026). Navigating the complexities of a virtual exchange with young language learners: Insights into language teacher agency through the lens of ecological systems theory. System, 139, 104007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2026.104007
- Yamaoka, Y., Hosozawa, M., Sampei, M., Sawada, N., Okubo, Y., Tanaka, K., & Morisaki, N. (2021). Abusive and positive parenting behavior in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic under the state of emergency. Child Abuse & Neglect,120 , 105212. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.Chiabu.2021.105212
- Yosef, Y., Hasmalena, H., & Sucipto, S. D. (2021). Development of parental efficacy scale to measure parents’ involvement capabilities in elementary education. Islamic Guidance and Counseling Journal, 4(1), 43-54. https://doi.org/10.25217/igcj.v4i1.956
References
Abd Majid, M., Usman, A. H., Azizan, N. I., Mohd Haridi, N. H., Mohamad, N., Ismail, Z., & Abdul Rahman, A. H. (2024). Fuzzy Delphi Method for Developing Model of Islamic Self-Identity in Malaysian Delinquent Adolescents. Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, 12(2), 695-716. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v12i2.1002
Afiif, A., Nadirah, S., & Fitriana, R. (2026). Integrating Islamic parenting values into university teaching practices: A qualitative study of learning experiences in Indonesia. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 25(6), 332–353. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.25.6.20
Al-Attas, S. M. N. (1980). The concept of education in Islam: A framework for an Islamic philosophy of education. Kuala Lumpur: Muslim Youth Movement of Malaysia (ABIM).
Anderson-Butcher, D., Bates, S., Amorose, A., Wade-Mdivianian, R., & Lower-Hoppe, L. (2021). Social-emotional learning interventions in youth sport: What matters in design?. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 38(4), 367-379. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-021-00773-w
Baumrind, D. (1966). Effects of authoritative parental control on child behavior. Child development, 887-907. https://doi.org/10.2307/1126611
Belsky, J., & Jaffee, S. R. (2015). The multiple determinants of parenting. Developmental psychopathology: Volume three: Risk, disorder, and adaptation, 38-85. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470939406.ch2
Bornstein, M. H., & Bradley, R. H. (2014). Socioeconomic status, parenting, and child development. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410607027
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Castro, M., Expósito-Casas, E., López-Martín, E., Lizasoain, L., Navarro-Asencio, E., & Gaviria, J. L. (2015). Parental involvement on student academic achievement: A meta-analysis. Educational Research Review, 14, 33–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2015.01.002
Díaz, I. C. (2026). Character education with vulnerable children and adolescents in non-formal contexts: A systematic review. International Journal of Educational Research, 139, Article 103052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2026.103052
Halstead, J. M. (2004). An Islamic concept of education. Comparative Education, 40(4), 517–529. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305006042000284510
Hughes, C., & Devine, R. T. (2019). For better or for worse? Positive and negative parental influences on young children’s executive function. Child development, 90(2), 593-609. https://doi.org/10.1111/Cdev.12915
Isaqzai, S., Akesson, B., & Frensch, K. M. (2026). To be who I want to be: Understanding refugee families’ perspective of education through the human capability lens. International Journal of Educational Development, 122, 103554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2026.103554
Ji, B., Zhang, B., Chen, S., Chen, Y., Wei, W., Zhao, L., Li, J., Ni, Z. and Jiang, X. (2026). Factors associated with social inclusion of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder: a multicenter cross-sectional study in China. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 20(1), 61. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-026-01065-w
Keller, H. (2013). Attachment and culture. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 44(2), 175–194. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022112472253
Kruythoff‐Broekman, A., Wiefferink, C., Rieffe, C., & Uilenburg, N. (2019). Parent‐implemented early language intervention programme for late talkers: parental communicative behaviour change and child language outcomes at 3 and 4 years of age. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 54(3), 451-464. https://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12451
Lickona, T. (1991). Educating for character: How our schools can teach respect and responsibility. New York: Bantam Books.
Lindsay, A. C., Nogueira, D. L., Cohen, S. A., & Greaney, M. L. (2026). Brazilian immigrant parents’ perspectives on oral health in early childhood and suggested strategies for education, access, and care: Qualitative study. JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting, 9, Article e78835. https://doi.org/10.2196/78835
Lon, Y., & Widyawati, F. (2017). Cultural aspects on child’s development and parenting in Manggarai, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Guidena, 7(1), 130-139. https://doi.org/10.24127/gdn.v7i1.959
Maria, I., Latif, M. A. ., Utami, R. D. ., Novianti, R., & Yanti WE, A. . (2026). Physical Activity and Preschool Social Development: Cultural and Contextual Insights from Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, 14(1), 645-666. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v14i1.1723
Messick, S. (1995). Validity of psychological assessment: Validation of inferences from persons’ responses and performances as scientific inquiry into score meaning. American Psychologist, 50(9), 741–749. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.50.9.741
OK, A. H., Oviyanti, F., Niswah, C., Arsyad, J., & Nuraeni, H. A. (2026). A narrative case study: Parental views on the enactment of character education in Islamic boarding schools. Journal of Moral Education, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057240.2026.2660726
Palviainen, Å., & Bergroth, M. (2018). Parental discourses of language ideology and linguistic identity in multilingual Finland. International journal of multilingualism, 15(3), 262-275. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2018.1477108
Putra, P., Ilias, M. F., Hartono, R., Burhanuddin, B., Saputra, N., & Barsihanor, B. (2025). Digital Literacy as a Transformative Framework for Character Education: A Case Study in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Nazhruna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 9(1), 33–51. https://doi.org/10.31538/nzh.v9i1.429
Saada, N. (2023). Educating for global citizenship in religious education: Islamic perspective. International Journal of Educational Development, 103, Article 102894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2023.102894
Super, C. M., & Harkness, S. (2015). Culture and parenting. In W. F. Overton & P. C. M. Molenaar (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology and developmental science (7th ed., Vol. 4, pp. 719–792). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118963418.childpsy408
Tlacuilo-Parra, A., Vizcarra-Gutiérrez, M. R., Morgan-Domínguez, Z., Hernández-Cervantes, A. R., Ortega-Cortés, R., & Guevara-Gutiérrez, E. (2021). Parental satisfaction with health care during child hospitalization at a social security facility in Mexico. Boletín médico del Hospital Infantil de México, 78(6), 549-556. https://doi.org/10.24875/bmhim.21000051
Ulfat, F., & Suleiman, F. (2026). The absent canon: Islamic philosophy as a missing dimension in religious and ethics education – a perspective from the German school context. British Journal of Religious Education, 48(3), 360–371. https://doi.org/10.1080/01416200.2025.2610257
Utama, F., & Dea, L. F. (2023). Alternative Early Childhood Moral Development: Parenting through the Local Wisdom of Lampung People. Journal of Childhood Development, 3(2), 180-187. https://doi.org/10.25217/Jcd.V3i2.3302
Wang, W., Song, P., Yuan, Y., & Zhang, W. (2026). Family support for a child with ASD during the kindergarten-to-primary school transition: A case intervention study. Brain Science and Child Development, 1(1), 100009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bscd.2026.100009
Weiss, C., Chik, A., Djonov, E., & Melo-Pfeifer, S. (2026). Navigating the complexities of a virtual exchange with young language learners: Insights into language teacher agency through the lens of ecological systems theory. System, 139, 104007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2026.104007
Yamaoka, Y., Hosozawa, M., Sampei, M., Sawada, N., Okubo, Y., Tanaka, K., & Morisaki, N. (2021). Abusive and positive parenting behavior in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic under the state of emergency. Child Abuse & Neglect,120 , 105212. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.Chiabu.2021.105212
Yosef, Y., Hasmalena, H., & Sucipto, S. D. (2021). Development of parental efficacy scale to measure parents’ involvement capabilities in elementary education. Islamic Guidance and Counseling Journal, 4(1), 43-54. https://doi.org/10.25217/igcj.v4i1.956